Neuroprotective mechanisms of human umbilical cord blood stem cells to retinal ganglion cells in a partial optic nerve crush rat model / 中华实验眼科杂志

BackgroundOptic nerve injury lead to apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ), and its mechanism of apoptosis is endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). So, decreasing of ERS may protect the injury of RGCs. ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) and the protective effects of human umbilical cord blood stem cells on partial optic nerve crush injury. MethodsThe optical nerves were crushed with a 40 g clip by holding for 60 seconds to establish the partial optical nerve injury model in the left eyes of 102 SPF SD rats,and 10 μl of mRNA and 10 μl of nerve growth factor were injected into the vitreous immediately after the establishment of the model. The morphological changes of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) were examined under the light microscope after 3,7,14,21 and 28 days and the RGCs number was calculated. The apoptosis rates of RGCs were detected by the TUNEL technique after 3, 12,24,45,72 hours and 1 week. The expression levels of GRP78 mRNA and CHOP mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR). This procedure followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Committee.Results The number of RGCs was significantly decreased with the prolongation of time of optical nerve injury in the model injury group,whereas the number of RGCs in the human cord blood cells group was reduced at a slower rate( Ftime =20. 100,P =0. 007 ). At various time points after the injection of human cord blood cells, the survival of RGCs was evidently increased in comparison with the model group(P＜0. 01 ). The apoptosis rate of RGCs was considerably elevated with injury time prolongation both in the model group and human cord blood cells group,but no apoptosis was seen from 3-24 hours after operation,and only a small amount of apoptotic cells were found in the human cord blood cells group from 48 hours through 1 week than in the model group(P＜0. 01 ). In the human cord blood cells group,GRP78 mRNA level was significantly higher and the CHOP mRNA level was significantly lower than those in the injury group at identical time points(P＜0. 01 ). ConclusionsIn the rat optic nerve partial crush model,ERS induces the apoptosis of RGCs. Human umbilical cord blood stem cells can protect RGCs from ERS injury by inhibiting apoptosis.

Visual field analysis in primary open angle glaucoma with high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between damages of visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)with highly myopia. POAG with highly myopia group (21 eyes of 17 cases), POAG with non-highly myopia group (17 eyes of 16 cases), highly myopia without POAG group (25 eyes of 20 cases) and normal control group (19 eyes of 17 cases).automated perimeter and thickness of RNFL was measured by optical coherent tomography(OCT). Main outcome mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and mean sensitivity at superior, inferior, nasal and temporal sectors in total deviation probability plots. Thickness of RNFL at superior, inferior, nasal and temporal sector.total deviation probability plots of the early POAG with highly myopia than that of POAG without highly myopia,and the early visual field defects of glaucoma in pattern deviation probability plots of this group. MD of POAG with highly myopia was more than those of others (P＜0.05).The differences of MD, PSD and mean sensitivity between POAG with highly myopia and others were significant(P＜0.05).Mean sensitivities in each sector of POAG without highly myopia were similar to those of highly myopia(P＞0.05). The thickness of RNFL of POAG with highly myopia was thinner than that of others and the thickness of RNFL of normality was thicker than that of others. The relationship between mean sensitivity and the thickness of RNFL in each quadrant was significant(P＜0.05).judgment of the visual field changes in POAG with highly myopia. The relationship between RNFL thickness by OCT and visual field damage may provide clinically relevant information in diagnosis of POAG with highly myopia. Field; optical coherent tomography

Arsenic trioxide induced apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells in vitro and its possible mechanism / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide on the apoptosis of retinoblastoma cell line HXO-RB(44) and the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#The effect of arsenic trioxide on the proliferation of retinoblastoma cell line HXO-RB(44) was observed by MTT colorimetric assay; the apoptosis of the HXO-RB(44) was examined by AO/EB staining and flow cytometry analysis (Annexin V+ PI staining); caspase-3 activity and bcl-2/bax expression in the HXO-RB(44) were detected by cpp32 colorimetric assay kit and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Arsenic trioxide inhibited the proliferation of HXO-RB(44) cell in dose and duration-dependent manner in vitro; arsenic trioxide significantly increased the apoptosis in HXO-RB(44) cells. The activation of caspase-3 was increased, and the rate of bcl-2/bax was down-regulated in the HXO-RB(44) cells processed with arsenic trioxide.@*CONCLUSION@#Arsenic trioxide can inhibit the proliferation of retinoblastoma cell HXO-RB(44) in vitro by apoptosis induction. The apoptosis induction is possibly related to the caspase-3 activation and bcl-2/bax down-regulation.

Treatment of patients with rhegmatogenous retina detachment combined with non-secondary glaucoma / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the cause of disease, treatment and therapeutic effect in patients with rhegmatogenous retina detachment (RRD) combined with non-secondary glaucoma.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 28 patients with RRD combined with primary or congenital glaucoma were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-five out of the 28 patients succeeded with one operation (89.3%). The intraocular pressure of post-operation:on the 1st day was 10 approximately 46 (28.1+/-6.5) mmHg, on the 7th day was (18.9+/-7.2) mmHg, and on the last re-examination day was (17.6+/-6.2) mmHg. Anti-glaucoma operation was performed in 10 patients after the retinal operation. Chroidal hemorrhage was found in 2 patients and 2 chroidal exudations were found after the retinal operation.@*CONCLUSION@#The proportion of primary open angle glaucoma is higher than that of primary angle closure glaucoma, and trauma or surgery before the retinal operation is an important cause in glaucoma patients with RRD. There is no obvious difference in the ratio of surgical success between non-secondary glaucoma with RRD and those RRD patients without glaucoma. Vitreotomy+ silicon oil injection or drainage of subretinal fluid+air injection+cryocoagulation+explants is recommended. Chroid is easily involved. It is important to control the intraocular pressure during and after the surgery. The final visual acuity is rather poor, which may be related to the glaucoma and intraocular pressure.

Expression of EMMPRIN, MMPs and TIMP2 in retinoblastoma and normal retinal tissue / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the expression of EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP9 and TIMP2 in retinoblastoma (RB) and normal retinal tissues and their clinicopathological significance and interrelationship.METHODS: Envision immunohistochemistry stainings of EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP9 and TIMP2 were performed in 30 enucleated eyeballs with retinoblastoma and 15 specimens of normal retina tissue, which had been routinely imbedded with paraffin.RESULTS: Positive rate of EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP9 expression was higher in RB tissue than in normal control (P<0.01), while TIMP2 expression was lower in RB than in normal retinal tissue (P<0.01). Samples from RB cases of clinical stage Ⅰ, differentiated type, and life span≥2 years had lower positive rate in expression of EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP9 than those from RB cases of clinical stage Ⅲ, undifferentiated type, and life span<2 years (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while samples from RB cases of differentiated type, optic nerve unaffected, and life span≥2 years had markedly higher positive rate in expression of TIMP2 than those from RB cases of undifferentiated type, optic nerve involved and life span<2 years (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In RB tissues, EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP9 expressions were highly consistent (P<0.05), whereas TIMP2 expression is highly inconsistent with EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP9 expression levels (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression level of EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP9 and TIMP2 may be an important marker of RB progression, invasion and prognosis. There exist internally mutual regulation relations among them.